Discussion on the establishment process method of

Discussion on the establishment process and method of EMS and OHSMS

in the fierce market competition, enterprises must have good management if they want to exist and develop for a long time. In this context, ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001 standard management mode can be widely carried out and applied

however, in the process of establishing the management system, enterprises and consultants are exploring an important problem, that is, how to establish an efficient and effective management system? At the beginning of the establishment of the system, the system can also have a certain improvement momentum, with improved performance at some levels more or less; After a long operation time, the effectiveness of the system lacks obvious changes, and the operation of the system has no power. What's the problem

in combination with the consultation process of ISO14001 environmental management system and OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system, I hope to offer some insights

the establishment process of the first and second management systems

ISO14001 environmental management system and OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system follow Deming's PDCA management mode, including 17 elements, and their element structure and content are basically the same. The general process of establishing the system includes the following stages:

1. Initial Environmental Review

the review mainly includes: obtaining applicable laws, regulations and other requirements and evaluating compliance; Identify environmental hazards and evaluate environmental impacts and risks; Evaluate the effectiveness of the existing environmental safety and health management system and its gap with ISO14001 standard. Determine the priorities of the system and the direction and opportunities for continuous improvement through the initial review

2. System planning

planning contents include: planning environmental safety and health policies, objectives, indicators, management plans; Organization adjustment and resource allocation; Planning and design of system elements; The overall structural framework of the system, etc

3. Preparation of system documents

prepare system documents including manuals, procedures, work instructions and so on according to the Convention

4. Environmental management system commissioning

train environmental management system documents in a targeted manner, and carefully promote and implement the requirements of various elements of the system at all levels, such as implementation objectives and management plans; Implement the procedures as required; Carry out personnel training, etc

5. System operation evaluation

system operation evaluation includes internal audit and management review. Review the continuous applicability, compliance and effectiveness of the management system, adjust the system according to changing conditions, so as to continuously improve the system and achieve continuous improvement of performance through this process

the current deficiencies in the establishment and implementation process of the two management systems

in the establishment process of the two management systems, the key links that can best reflect the effectiveness of the system include: on the basis of identifying environmental hazard factors, environmental impact and risk assessment based on laws and regulations, in order to find out the level that can be improved; Formulate reasonable and realistic objectives and management plans and ensure their implementation; All staff participate, implement control requirements, inspect and improve; Implement effective internal audit and management review, etc. Among them, the degree of functional management and the participation of all staff determine the degree of system promotion

generally, in the initial stage of system establishment and implementation, by means of strengthening promotion and setting audit and certification objectives, the awareness and degree of functional management and full participation will be improved to a certain extent compared with that before the establishment and implementation of the system. Therefore, the system also has the source power of self-improvement and shows certain results; However, with the further operation of the system, especially after the completion of the audit and certification objectives, the degree of functional management and full participation is weakened, resulting in the disconnection between the system and the daily management and implementation process, the driving force of the system is weakened, and its effectiveness is naturally discounted. The reasons can be attributed to the loss of objectives in functional management and the failure of employee participation incentive mechanism. It is precisely because of the deficiencies in the establishment and implementation process and methods of the system that the functional management and full participation can generally achieve a relatively good degree of low VOC products. Its shortcomings are shown in the following aspects:

(1) the identification of environmental safety and health factors is not comprehensive

the element 4.3.1 of the two major standards requires the identification and evaluation of environmental hazard factors in the organization's activities, products and services. Generally speaking, identify and evaluate input and output environmental factors in the environmental management system, such as electricity consumption, wastewater discharge, etc; Identify and evaluate the hazards of energy attributes in the occupational health and safety management system, such as electric shock, dust inhalation, chemical corrosion, etc., and analyze the defects of people and objects that may lead to such hazards, namely hazard factors. Specific management factors have not been well incorporated into it for identification and evaluation, such as enterprise business planning, equipment evaluation, equipment maintenance plan, introduction of technical materials, daily inspection, etc. From the definition of the standard (environmental factors - elements that can interact with the environment in an organization's activities, products or services. Hazard factors - sources or states that may cause personal injury, occupational diseases, property losses, and damage to the working environment.) It can be seen that the failure of a certain management responsibility will directly or indirectly lead to the impact on the environment and safety and health. In some aspects, the impact is still great. For example, the poor implementation of the equipment maintenance plan may lead to the environmental impact caused by running, dripping and leakage, and the safety and health impact caused by the defects of the safety and health protection facilities

the deficiencies and lack of systematization in the identification and evaluation of management factors directly lead to the incompleteness of management defects and areas that can be improved in the process of system establishment or the lack of clear focus, and the input provided for objectives and operation control elements will also be insufficient

(2) the level of objective formulation is not enough. The 4.3.3/4 element of the two standards requires the formulation of environmental safety and health objectives, indicators and management plans to achieve the control and improvement of major environmental factors and risks above major levels. The basic level of setting the objectives of the environmental management system focuses on pollution prevention and energy conservation and consumption reduction; The basic level of the objective setting of the occupational health and safety management system focuses on the improvement of the working environment (the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working environment, the noise intensity of the working environment, the illumination of the working environment, the radiation intensity of the working environment, etc.), the reduction of the accident rate (the number of lost working hours, the rate of industrial injury, the number of specific hazardous accidents), the substitution of high hazardous substances, the control of equipment failure, etc. Little consideration has been given to the improvement of the performance of management functions

the performance of the management function is not reflected in the objectives, which directly leads to the management of some departments being divorced from the system, and the degree of participation in the system control is weakened. At the same time, a wrong understanding is formed: the system is a matter of promoting the Department, and has nothing to do with the Department. Without the management support of many departments, the management system is naturally difficult to play its own effectiveness

(3) the evaluation mechanism of target performance is not perfect.

the 4.5.1 elements of the two major standards require regular monitoring of target compliance and operation control to ensure the achievement of goals and good environmental and safety performance. Although the performance of enterprises in environmental safety and health is inseparable from the setting of system objectives, the more specific performance is closely related to the management performance of managers at all levels. However, due to the deficiencies in the formulation of environmental and occupational health and safety management function performance, and the fact that some enterprises have not determined the assessment items of environmental and occupational health and safety management in the original assessment mechanism, the management function performance of these two aspects is not monitored or quantified, and the corresponding assessment cannot be carried out. "No data, no management", without specific quantitative evaluation of the work of managers at all levels and maintaining effective feedback on management performance, it will be difficult to fully mobilize the work enthusiasm and innovative spirit of managers at all levels, which will inevitably lead to the lack of motivation for the continuous improvement of the management system

(4) insufficient establishment of employee participation incentive mechanism

the two major standards require employee participation. Although some enterprise environment and occupational health and safety management systems clarify the requirements and practices of employee participation in the framework, the incentive mechanism for employee participation in management has not been fully established, which is more formal than practical, and it is difficult to mobilize the initiative of employees to find and solve problems. Some enterprises have a good employee incentive mechanism, but in the process of establishing the two management systems, they did not incorporate the improvement projects in the field of environment, occupational health and safety into the incentive mechanism, which also led to the loss of a favorable opportunity and foundation for the improvement of the system

III. discussion on improvement methods

in view of the above considerations, the system should seek improvement from the above four aspects in the establishment and implementation process

(1) identification of management factors Evaluation

set the following work description table to identify and evaluate management factors

serial number category work description person current situation she impact correlation degree importance work adjustment priority

satisfaction to be strengthened whether high school and low school are urgent priorities general

daily work

occasional work

temporary work

through the above work description to clarify which work in a department is related to environmental safety and health The key work is to determine whether the work needs to be adjusted or whether the work needs to set management objectives and clarify the priorities for the identified important management work due to the lack of personnel ability, so as to reflect the efficiency and conduct assessment, so as to provide a good input for the management control of the environmental safety and health management system

（2） Objective setting of management function performance

set the following management function objective table to set the objectives of management function performance

serial number category work description current situation objective measures time person assists person self-evaluation supervisor evaluation

daily work

occasional work

temporary work

define the work objectives that can be formulated for the key work involving environmental safety and health through the above management function objective table, Specify the implementation measures and the completion time of start-up, and conduct self-evaluation regularly. The department head will evaluate the achievement of this work goal by July 2017 to ensure that the above key work is under control

(3) establishment of assessment mechanism

set the following performance assessment form to assess the performance of management functions

Name: Date:

serial number category item assessment brings good environmental and health impact, fact brings bad environmental and health impact, fact assessor

53 1

business performance

work attitude

job ability

character attributes

strengthen functional management activities through the assessment of management function performance, Stimulate the vitality of the whole management system

(4) improvement of incentive mechanism for employee participation

employee proposal system has become a favorable means for many enterprises to strengthen management and improve their work. Its application in the environment and occupational health and safety management system will bring significant improvement in performance, especially the occupational health and safety management system. The general process is as follows:

declaration of high labor intensity of the project → project initiation → fund review can be put into use only after strict testing → project implementation → achievement appraisal → project reward

set the following proposal form for the implementation of the proposal

number of the proposer's partner

proposal name time

current situation:

improvement proposal:

effect expectation: investigation opinions:

conclusion: adopted □ not adopted □

implementation unit implementation date

Implementation Summary: evaluation grade 1234

adoption award

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